Jute Cultivation Information Detailed Guide

Table of Contents

Jute Cultivation Guide:

Jute Cultivation
Jute Cultivation.

Introduction of Jute: – Jute is an important natural fibre cash crop just like cotton crop and grows well in hot and moist climate. In India, Ganga delta region is excellent for jute cultivation as this region has fertile alluvium soil & favourable temperature along with sufficient rainfall. India and Bangladesh are biggest jute producer in the world. Originally Raw jute was using as raw material for packaging industries only, later it has emerged as source for paper industries, textile industries, building & automotive industries,  soil saver, decorative and furnishing materials.

Local Names for Jute in India:- Jute/Mesta (Hindi), Senabu (Kannada),  Joot (Marathi) Chanapai(Tamil), Janapanara (Telugu),Shada Pat (Bengali).

Types of Jute :- Olitorius and Capsularis.

Major Jute Production States in India:- The major jute producers in India are: Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Orissa and Meghalaya.

Commercial or Hybrid Varieties of Jute:- Following are the hybrid varieties of Jute.

  • Olitorius       JRO 878, JRO 524,  and  JRO  7835.
  • Capsularis    JRC 7447, JRC 212   and  JRC   321.

Climate Required for Jute Cultivation:- Jute crop grows well in rainfed, moderate, warm humid atmosphere and sunshine conditions. 25°C to 30°C is ideal for jute cultivation. Jute cultivation requires about 160 cm to 200 cm rainfall. Humid weather will result in good yield.

Soil Requirement for Jute Cultivation:- River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation. Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and PH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation.

Land Preparation in Jute Cultivation:- Plain land or gentle slope or low land is ideal for jute cultivation. Since the jute seeds are small in size, land should be prepared to fine tilth. Couple of ploughing will make the soil to fine tilth.

Best season to cultivate Jute Crop:- Feb month of the year.

Jute Crop Duration:-  4 months to 5 months.

Seed Sowing & Seed Sowing in Jute Cultivation:- There are two ways of sowing methods  in jute cultivation.1) Line Sowing method  2) Broadcasting method. Seed rate is given below.

Jute type/Variety.——————— Seed Rate (kg/ha.——————————- Spacing (cm) of plants. No.Of Plants/Sq.Mt
Line Sowing Broad Casting
Olitorius  5  7 25  x 5  85
Capsularis  7  10 30  x 5  70

Manures and Fertilizers in Jute Cultivation:- Add 5 to 8 tonnes of  well decomposed Farm Yard Manure (F.M.Y) or compost at the time of soil/land preparation. Basal application of N 20kg, K2O 20kg and P2O5 20 kg should be carried out.

Irrigation in Jute Cultivation:- Jute cultivation requires good water resource(500 to 600 mm of water) and plenty of sunshine. As soon as sowing is completed, carry out the first irrigation. Life irrigation should be given on 5th day after sowing. Subsequent irrigations should be given with 2 weeks interval.

Weed Control in Jute Cultivation:- Hand weeding has to be carried out  twice in 3 weeks to 4 weeks after sowing and 5 weeks to 6 weeks after sowing. Herbicides like Fluchloralin should be sprayed @ 3 to 4 days after sowing @ the rate of 1.5 kg/ha and is followed by watering. One hand weeding can also be taken up @ 4 weeks to 5 weeks after sowing.

Top dressing in Jute Cultivation:- Add 10 to 12 kg of N @ 3 weeks to 4 weeks after first weeding and then again in 5 weeks to 6 weeks after second weeding as top dressing.

Harvesting of Jute:- Depending up on local cropping system, jute crop can reach harvesting stage @ 102 to 110 days after sowing, but it can also be extended to 140 days after sowing. Leave the jute plants in the field for 4 days for leaf shedding. Sort out thick & thin plants to make bundles in convenient sizes. 

Jute plant harvesting stage
Jute plant harvesting stage.

Yield of Jute:- With good farm management practices, Green plant yield  can be expected up to 40 to 50 tonnes/ha and fibre yield  up to 2.0 to 2.75 tonnes/ha.

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