Growing your vegetables at home may help you save money and give you a closer connection to the natural world, all at the same time. Garden-grown vegetables and fruits taste and feel much better than those you buy at the supermarket. Maintaining a food garden also provides the physical activity. A planting schedule is a necessity if you want a successful gardening season. Below we learn the Seed sowing chart, planting schedule, and germination guide for different fruits, vegetables, flowers, herbs, and fruits.
Seed sowing chart in India
Vegetable planting time and germination chart
| Vegetable | North India growing season | South India growing season | Germination temperature (degrees C) |
| Melon | Feb to Mar June to July | Jan to Feb Mar to June Oct to Dec | 22 to 32 |
| Corn | Oct to Nov | Sept to Oct | 10 |
| Pumpkin | Jan to Mar Sep to Dec May to June | June to July Dec to Jan | 20 to 35 |
| Potato | Oct to Dec | Oct to Dec | 4 |
| Cauliflower (early) | Mid-June | June to July Aug to Sep | 25 to 27 |
| Cauliflower (late) | Aug to Sep Oct | June to July | 16 to 20 |
| Cauliflower (midseason) | Jun to July Aug to Sept | June to July Aug to Sep | <16 |
| Turnip | Oct to Nov | Oct to Nov | 15 to 35 |
| Tomato | June to Aug Nov to Dec | Jan to Feb June to July Oct to Nov | 20 to 30 |
| Spinach | Sept to Nov Feb | Sept to Nov | 10 to 22 |
| Radish | Aug to Jan | –it depends– | 10 to 30 |
| Peas | Sept to Oct Nov | Sept to Nov | 10 to 22 |
| Onion | May to June | Mar to April May to June Sept to Oct | 10 to 32 |
| Okra | Feb to March June to July | Jan to Feb May to June Oct to Dec | 20 to 32 |
| Lettuce | Sept to Oct | Oct to Dec | 7 to 27 |
| Beans | Feb to Mar | — | 16 to 30 |
| Cucumber | Feb to Mar June, July | June to July Sept to Oct Dec to Jan | 16 to 32 |
| Carrot | Aug to Oct | Aug to Nov | 10 to 30 |
| Capsicum | Nov to Jan May to June | Jan to Feb May to June Oct to Nov | 15 to 25 |
| Cabbage | Sept to Oct | June to July Oct to Nov | 10 to 20 |
| Broccoli | Aug to Sept | Aug to Sept | 21 to 23 |
| Bottle gourd | Feb to Mar June to July | Nov to Dec Dec to Jan June to July | 20 to 30 |
| Bitter gourd | Feb to Mar June to July | Nov to Dec Dec to Jan, Jun to July | 20 to 30 |
| Beetroot | Oct to Nov | Aug to Nov | 10 to 30 |
| Apple gourd | Feb to Mar June to July | Feb to Mar June to July | 20 to 30 |
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Vegetable sowing guide
| Vegetable | Method of sowing | Depth for sowing inches) | Sowing distance (inches/feet) | Days to maturity |
| Melon | Direct | 1 | Between rows: 18” to 24” | 70 to 85 days |
| Corn | Direct | 1 to 1.5 | Between rows: 30” to 36” Between seeds: 4“ to 6“ | 60 to 100 days |
| Pumpkin | Direct | 1 | Between seeds: 24“ to 48“ | 70 to 75 days |
| Potato | Direct | 4 | Between rows: 12“ to 18“ | 70 to 120 days |
| Cauliflower (early) | Transplant | 0.5 | Between rows: 2 ft Between seeds: 2 ft | 120 to 125 days |
| Cauliflower (late) | Transplant | 0.5 | Between rows: 2 ft Between seeds: 2 ft | 120 to 125 days |
| Cauliflower (midseason) | Transplant | 0.5 | Between rows: 2 ft Between seeds: 2 ft | 120 to 125 days |
| Turnip | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 1.5 ft Between seeds: 4” | 40 to 50 days |
| Tomato | Transplant | 0.25 | Between rows: 2.5 ft Between seeds: 1 ft | 110 to 115 days |
| Spinach | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 9 ft Between seeds: 3 ft | 60 days |
| Radish | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 12” Between seeds: 2“ to 3“ | 40 to 45 days |
| Peas | Direct | 1 | Between rows: 12“ Between seeds: 4“ | 55 to 60 days |
| Onion | Transplant | 0.25 | Between rows: 6 ft Between seeds: 4 ft | 150 to 160 days |
| Okra | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 18“ Between seeds: 12“ | 45 to 50 days |
| Lettuce | Direct/ Transplant | Surface sow, cover lightly with soil | Between rows: 8“ to 12“ | 45 to 55 days |
| Beans | Direct | 1 to 1.5 | Between rows: 18“ Between seeds: 8“ | 45 to 50 days |
| Cucumber | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 12“ | 50 to 70 days |
| Carrot | Direct | 0.25 | Between rows: 1.5 ft Between seeds: 2“ | 75 to 80 days |
| Capsicum | Transplant | 0.25 to 0.5 | Between rows: 1.5 ft Between seeds: 1.5 ft | 95 to 100 days |
| Cabbage | Transplant | 0.25 | Between rows: 1.5 ft Between seeds: 1 ft | 90 to 100 days |
| Broccoli | Transplant | 1.5 | Between rows: 1.5 ft Between seeds: 1 ft | 90 to 100 days |
| Bottle gourd | Direct | 1-2 | Between rows: 4 ft Between seeds: 1 ft Between rows: 4 ft Between seeds: 1 ft | 55 to 60 days |
| Bitter gourd | Direct | 0.5 | Between rows: 4 ft Between seeds: 1 ft | 55 to 60 days |
| Beetroot | Direct | 1 | Between rows: 18“ Between seeds: 4” | 80 to 90 days |
| Apple gourd | Direct | 1 | Between rows: 12“ Between seeds: 12“ | 70 to 80 days |
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Flowers seed sowing chart and planting guide
| Flowers | Start seeds in these months | Sowing depth | Space between seeds (in inches and feet) | Germination time |
| Ageratum | Sep to Nov | 0.3 inch | 9” to 12” | 7 to 10 days |
| Hollyhock | Sep to Oct | 0.25 inch | 2 ft | 10 to 14 days |
| Snapdragon | Sep to Nov | 0.3 inch | 6” to 12” | 10 to 21 days |
| African daisy | Sep to Oct Mar to Apr | 0.2 inch | 9” to 12” | 15 to 20 days |
| China aster | Sep to Oct July to Aug | 0.1 inch | 3” to 4” | 10 to 14 days |
| Cockscomb | Jan to Feb May to June Sep to Oct | 1.5 inch | 4” | 7 to 14 days |
| Cornflower | Sep to Oct | 1 to 1.5 inch | 2” | 7 to 10 days |
| Spider plant | Sep to Oct Jan to Feb | 0.5 inch | 2” to 3” | 14 to 20 days |
| Indian pink | Sep to Nov | 1 to 2 inch | 6” to 18” | 7 to 14 days |
| Sunflower | Jan to June | 2 inch | 6” | 7 to 10 days |
| Balsam | Jan to Feb | 0.12 inch | 12” to 14” | 4 to 5 days |
| Forget me not | Sep to Oct | 3 inch | 10” | 8 to 14 days |
| Petunia | Aug to Oct | 8 to 10 inch | 12” | <7 days |
| Phlox | Aug to Oct | 1 inch | 18” | 5 to 10 days |
| African marigold | Sep to Oct | 0.25 inch | 12” | 4 to 14 days |
| French marigold | Sep to Oct Mar to Apr | 4 inch | 6” to 9” | 7 to 14 days |
| Zinnia | Jan to June | 0.25 inch | 4” to 24” | 7 to 10 days |
| Rose | Sep to Oct | 4 inch | 2 ft | 4 to 8 weeks |
| Lotus | Apr to June | 4 inches (mudball into the water) | – | < 1 week |
| Dahlia | Apr to mar | 6 to 8 inch | 12” to 18” | 7 to 10 days |
| Plumeria | Mar to June | 1.5 to 2 inch | 4 to 6 ft | 3 to 14 days |
| Lily | June to July | 7 inch | 7” | 9 to 18 days |
| Daisies | Mar to Apr | 0.25 inch | 1 to 2 ft | 10 to 20 days |
| Iris | Late July to mid-Aug | 4 inch | 2” to 4” | 28 to 35 days |
| Pansies | July to Oct | 4 to 5 inch | 6” to 10” | 1 to 3 weeks |
| Poppy | Mar to May | 0.25 inch | 6” to 12” | 7 to 14 days |
| Canna | Mar to Apr | 2 to 3 inch | 2” | 7 to 14 days |
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Fruits seed sowing chart and planting guide
| Fruits | Sowing time | Sowing depth | Space between seeds (in inch, m, and ft) | Germination time |
| Watermelon | Feb to Mar (in the north) Year-round (in the south) | 1 inch | Between rows: 7 to 10 ft Between seeds: 6 ft | 6 to 7 days |
| Banana | June to July, Oct to Nov | 40 inch | Between rows: 1.8 m Between seeds: 1.8 m | 2 to 3 weeks |
| Orange | Dec to Feb Oct to Mar | 14 inch | Between rows: 6 m Between seeds: 6 m | 6 to 8 weeks |
| Pineapple | July to Sep | 3 to 4 inch (crown) | Between rows: 90 cm Between seeds: 60 cm | About six months |
| Lychee | Aug to Sep | 1 inch | Between rows: 8 m Between seeds: 8 m | 1 to 4 weeks |
| Mango | Aug to Oct | 19 ft | Between rows: 10 m Between seeds: 10 m | 2 to 4 weeks |
| Strawberry | Sep to Oct | 4 to 6 inch | Between rows: 60 cm Between seeds: 30 cm | Seven days to 6 weeks |
| Grapes | Feb to Mar Dec to Jan | 60 to 90 cm | Between rows: 1.8 m to 2.4 m Between seeds: | 10 to 15 days |
| Custard apple | April to May | 3 cm | Between rows: 4 to 6 m Between seeds: 4 to 6 m | Three weeks |
| Sapota | June to Dec | 30 to 45 cm | Between rows: 10 m Between seeds: 8 m | 2 to 4 weeks |
| Lemon | June to July | 0.5 inch | Between rows: 4.5 m Between seeds: 4.5 m | Know |
| Kinnow | Aug to Oct | 1 m | Between rows: 60 cm Between seeds: 60 cm | 7 to 14 days |
| Mosambi | Aug to Sep April to May | 60 cm | Between rows: 60 cm Between seeds: 60 cm | 3 to 4 weeks |
| Papaya | Feb to Mar June to July Oct to Nov | 45 cm | Between rows: 1.8 m Between seeds: 1.8 m | 2 to 3 weeks |
| Pear | June to Dec | 2 m | Between rows: 8 m Between seeds: 4 m | 2 to 4 weeks |
| Peach | Late Jan | 4 inch | Between rows: 4 m Between seeds: 4 m | 1 to 3 months |
| Apple | Jan to Feb | 2 ft | Between rows: 4 m Between seeds: 4 m | Around 30 days |
| Figs | Jan to Feb (north India) Aug to Sep (south India) June to July (western India) | 2 to 4 inch | Between rows: 5 m Between seeds: 5 m | 1 to 2 weeks |
| Plums | January | 3 inch | Between rows: 4 m Between seeds: 4 m | 10 to 18 days |
| Jackfruit | June to Dec | 2 ft | Between rows: 8 m Between seeds: 8 m | 3 to 8 weeks |
| Guava | June to Sep | 0.5 to 1 m | Between rows: 6 m Between seeds: 6 m | 2 to 8 weeks |
| Pomegranate | June to July Sep to Oct to Feb | 2 inch | Between rows: 6 m Between seeds: 5 m | 30 to 40 days |
| Apricot | May to June October | 5 to 10 cm | Between rows: 6 m Between seeds: 6 m | 1 to 2 months |
| Apple ber | July to Aug | 60 cm | Between rows: 7 m Between seeds: 7 m | 2 to 4 weeks |
| Kiwi | Jan | 2 ft | Between rows: 4 m Between seeds: 6 m | Around two weeks |
| Rambutan | Dec to Jan | 2 to 3 m | Between rows: 6 m Between seeds: 6 m | 10 to 21 days |
| Persimmons | March to April | 2 inch | Between rows: 4 to 6 m Between seeds: 4 to 6m | 2 to 3 weeks |
| Jamun | Feb to Mar July to Aug | 4 to 5 cm | Between rows: 15 cm Between seeds: 25 cm | 10 to 15 days |
| Coconut | May to June | 1.2 to 1.6 m | Between rows: 8 m Between seeds: 8 m | 3 to 6 months |
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Herbs seed sowing chart and planting guide
| Herbs | Sowing time | Sowing depth | Space between seeds (in inches and feet) | Germination time |
| Cumin | Oct to Nov | 0.25 inch | Between rows: 18” Between seeds: 4 to 8” | 7 to 14 days |
| Coriander | Sept to Oct | 0.5 inch | Between rows: 15” Between seeds: 8 to 10” | 2 to 3 weeks |
| Fenugreek | June to July October | 1.5 inch | Between rows: 4” Between seeds: 2” | 3 to 5 days |
| Mustard | Sep to Oct | 1 to 2 inch | Between rows: 6 “ Between seeds: 1“ | 7 to 10 days |
| Holy basil | Feb to Mar | 1.5 inch | Between rows: 4 to 8” Between seeds: | 7 to 10 days |
| Ginger | Mar to April | 2 to 4 inch | Between rows: 7 to 10” Between seeds: 7 to 10” | 6 to 8 weeks |
| Turmeric | Mar to Apr | 3 inch | Between rows: 10” Between seeds: 10” Between rows: 10” Between seeds: 10” | 6 to 10 months |
| Lemon grass | Mar to Apr | 3 inch | Between rows: 40 cm Between seeds: 30 cm | Two weeks |
| Parsley | Nov to Jan | 0.25 inch | Between rows: 6” Between seeds: 6” | 7 to 10 days |
| Sage | Feb to Mar | 0.25 inch | Between seeds: 24” to 36” | 10 to 21 days |
| Curry leaves | July to Aug | 0.5 inch | Between rows: 1.5 m Between seeds: 1.2 m | 10 to 15 days |
| Dill | Oct | 0.25 inch | Between seeds: 10 to 12” | 10 to 14 days |
| Mint | Feb to Mar | 0.5 inch | Between seeds: 18 to 24” | 7 to 15 days |
| Oregano | Feb to Mar | 0.25 inch | Between rows: 5” Between seeds: 7” | One week |
| Rosemary | Sep to Oct | 0.25 to 0.5 inch | Between rows: 3 ft Between seeds: 2 ft | 15 to 25 days |
| Thyme | April | 0.25 inch | Between seeds: 12 to 14” | Up to 4 weeks |
| Tarragon | July to Aug | 0.3 inch | Between seeds: 18 to 24” | 10 to 14 days |
| Chives | Mar to July | 0.25 inch | Between seeds: 2” | 7 to 10 days |
Frequently asked questions about vegetable planting calendars
What month is the best month to plant vegetables?
It’s possible to plant edible seeds at any time of the year. The month you plant vegetables depends on your growth zone, climate, and the date of the last forecast frost in your area. If you want to grow tough annual vegetables like broccoli, chard, cabbage, carrots, peas, and parsnips, you need to get their seeds in the ground in the spring, between March and April, when the soil is at its hottest.
When should tomatoes be planted?
Late spring and early summer are the optimum periods to plant tomatoes. When starting a garden, starter plants are preferable to seeds. Choose a sunny location and plant your tomatoes there. Six to eight hours of sunlight is ideal for growing flavorful tomatoes. Most tomato plants need to be staked, trellised, or caged so they don’t touch the ground. Decide how you will support your plants before putting them out, and then do so immediately.
Don’t forget to provide some gaps between plants. Indeterminate, hardy varieties should be planted at a distance of 3 feet. Plants with a determinate growth habit benefit from being spaced at 2 feet. A 24-inch pot is recommended for indeterminate varieties, and an 18-inch pot is recommended for determinates when grown in containers. Put only high-quality potting soil in pots.
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Soil pH between 6.2 to 6.8 is ideal for nutrient absorption by tomatoes, and tomatoes need a steady supply of both primary and secondary plant nutrients. As you dig your planting holes, add a continuous-release, calcium-based fertilizer into the soil to provide the necessary nutrients. In the course of the growing season, keep feeding as directed. Since a lack of calcium in the soil can cause blossom end rot in fruit, this could help prevent that.
Conclusion
For novice gardeners, a small area is best, to begin with. It’s preferable to be delighted with the results of a little garden than to be dissatisfied with the amount of work required by a massive one. Learning the fundamentals of gardening is recommended before devoting time and money to it.
You’ll get a taste of the time commitment required by gardening. You can see whether tending a garden is something you like doing by spending time in the fresh air and sunshine tending to seedlings, watering, and weeding. You’ll also get an idea of how much fruit and vegetables your family can consume. If you live in the following regions and states of India and plan to sow the seeds, the above seed sowing chart in India will help you to plant vegetables, flowers, herbs, and fruit in your garden.
| Andhra Pradesh | Karnataka |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Kerala |
| Assam | Madhya Pradesh |
| Bihar | Maharashtra |
| Chhattisgarh | Manipur |
| Goa | Meghalaya |
| Gujarat | Mizoram |
| Central India | South India |
| Haryana | Sikkim |
| Himachal Pradesh | Tamil Nadu |
| Jharkhand | Telangana |
| Nagaland | Tripura |
| Odisha | Uttar Pradesh |
| Punjab | Uttarakhand |
| Rajasthan | West Bengal |
| North India | West India |
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Highly informative.
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