Introduction to vegetable planting chart India: A vegetable garden is a simple and sustainable method to improve your quality of life. Vegetables can be grown on most soils like light, medium, or heavy provided they are well-drained. Select an open though not exposed site, where plants can receive maximum sunlight. Crops are grown on the flat, in drills (ridges), or on raised beds is also known as a deep bed. Select the system that suits you best.
A step by step guide to a vegetable planting chart
Vegetable growth can get confusing due to the large number of different types of vegetables that are available and the different ways of growing them. If you are a beginner you’re better off to start small and grow something easy like cabbage, onion sets, and beetroot. Look after them well and you will get a harvest. The soil should be well-drained so that all surface water may drain quickly into the subsoil within a few hours of falling. As crops are frequently harvested right through the winter growers will grow their crops on drills or on raised (deep) beds to improve drainage. Harvesting vegetables at the right stage of maturity ensures better taste and quality. Many vegetables must be picked throughout the summer to maintain plant productivity. The time, frequency, and method of harvesting vary depending on vegetable species. Different vegetables need different conditions to thrive.
Vegetable planting/seed sowing calendar/chart in India
- Apple gourd
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul
Growing Season – South India – Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul
Germination Temperature in °C – 20-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 1
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – between seeds – 12 inches, between rows – 12 inches
Days to Maturity – 70-80 days
- Beetroot vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Oct-Nov
Growing Season – South India – Aug-Nov
Germination Temperature in °C – 10-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 1
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 4 inches, Between Rows – 18 inches
Days to Maturity – 80-90 days.
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- Bitter Gourd vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul
Growing Season – South India – Nov-Dec, Dec-Jan, Jun-Jul
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 20-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1 ft, Between Rows – 4 ft
Days to Maturity – 55-60 days
- Bottle Gourd vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul
Growing Season – South India – Nov-Dec, Dec-Jan, Jun-Jul
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 20-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 1-2
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1 ft, Between Rows – 4 ft
Days to Maturity – 55-60 days
- Broccoli vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Aug-Sept
Growing Season – South India – Aug-Sept
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 21-23
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 1.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1 ft, Between Rows – 1.5 ft
Days to Maturity – 90-100 days
- Cabbage vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Sept-Oct
Growing Season – South India – Jun-Jul, Oct-Nov
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 10-20
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.25
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1 ft, Between Rows – 1.5 ft
Days to Maturity – 90-100 days
- Capsicum vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Nov-Jan, May-Jun
Growing Season – South India – Jan-Feb, May-Jun, Oct-Nov
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 15-25
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.25-0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1.5 ft, Between Rows – 1.5 ft
Days to Maturity – 95-100 days
- Carrot vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Aug-Sept-Oct
Growing Season – South India – Aug-Nov
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 10-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.25
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 2 inches, Between Rows – 1.5 ft
Days to Maturity – 75-80 days
- Cucumber vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar, Jun, Jul
Growing Season – South India – Jun-Jul, Sept-Oct, Dec-Jan
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 16-32
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Rows – 12 inches
Days to Maturity – 50-70 days
- Beans vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 16-30
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 1-1.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 8 inches, Between Rows – 18 inches
Days to Maturity – 45-50 days
- Lettuce vegetable planting chart
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Growing Season – North India – Sept-Oct
Growing Season – South India – Oct-Dec
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 7-27
Sowing Method – Direct/Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – Surface Sow, cover lightly with soil
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Rows – 8-12 inches
Days to Maturity – 45-55 days.
- Okra vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Feb-Mar, Jun-Jul
Growing Season – South India – Jan-Feb, May-Jun, Oct-Dec
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 20-32
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 12 inches, Between Rows – 18 inches
Days to Maturity – 45-50 days.
- Onion vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – May-Jun
Growing Season – South India – Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Sept-Oct
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 10-32
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.25
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 4 ft., Between Rows – 6 ft
Days to Maturity – 150-160 days.
- Spinach vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Sept-Nov, Feb
Growing Season – South India – Sept-Oct-Nov
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 10-22
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 3 inches, Between Rows – 9 inches
Days to Maturity – 60 days.
- Tomato vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Jun-Aug, Nov-Dec
Growing Season – South India – Jan-Feb, Jun-Jul, Oct-Nov
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 20-30
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.25
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 1 ft, Between Rows – 2.5 ft
Days to Maturity – 110-115 days.
- Cauliflower vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Mid-June
Growing Season – South India – Jun-Jul, Aug-Sept
Germination Temperature (in°C) – 25-27
Sowing Method – Transplant
Sowing Depth (inches) – 0.5
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Seeds – 2 ft, Between Rows – 2 ft
Days to Maturity – 120-125 days.
- Potato vegetable planting chart
Growing Season – North India – Oct-Dec
Growing Season – South India – Oct-Dec
Germination Temperature (in °C) – 4
Sowing Method – Direct
Sowing Depth (inches) – 4
Sowing Distance (inches/feet) – Between Rows – 12-18 inches
Days to Maturity – 70-120 days.
A month by month chart guide to vegetable planting in India
January
First, decide on the vegetables that you intend to plant this year. There are endless amounts of vegetable choices available. Not only must you decide what you’ll plant, but you should also determine how much of each vegetable that you will need to plant. Once these decisions have been made, it is time to order the seeds so you are well ahead of the gardeners. You can use this month to gather manure and compost for the garden if the weather will allow it. Make a list of what you’re going to want to grow this year and then make you can start to sketch out a garden plant or planting plan.
Seeds – Order your seed and order now while the seed grower’s stock is full and before the spring rush.
Manures and compost – If you have a place under cover where you can collect manure and compost for the coming season, do it now, or if the weather allows, add these to garden now simply sheet compost, that is spread an inch or two of compost or manure across the planting beds. Soil amendments can be gotten less expensive at this time of year. Add compost and rock phosphate now to allow for several turnings or the rain and weather to carry these deep into the soil.
January
North India – Brinjal
South India – Lettuce, Spinach, Gourds, Melons, Radish, Carrot, Onion, Tomato, Okra, Brinjal, Bean.
February
In early February you can begin planting cauliflower, lettuce, and cabbage, must you decide these will be grown in your garden. During the month you should start getting all of the gardening materials ready, including the beds and cold frames. February is the time to take a peek at all of the gardening tools as well. If there are damaged tools and those in need of repair, beat the rush and have the repairs made at once.
February
North India – Applegourd, Bottle gourd, Cucumber, French Beans, Okra, Sponge, Watermelon, Spinach
South India – Lettuce, Spinach, Gourds, Melons, Radish, Carrot, Onion, Tomato, Okra, Brinjal, and Beans.
March
If you’ve not already gotten hotbeds and cold frames in place, March is the month to do it. Some of the seeds planted in February will be ready to transplant to these frames and the lettuce that you planted in January. You can begin to sow radish seed and carrot seed as well. They’ll certainly cause hardship on crops. March is the start of early spring and the month can be used to determine if the ground is dry enough to plant crops. Radish and carrot can be sown in alternating rows in beds covered with plastic tunnels. Give plenty of air and water to seedlings on bright mornings; be careful not to have them caught by suddenly cold nights after a bright warm day.
March
North India – Apple gourd, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Cucumber, French Beans, Okra, Sponge, Watermelon, and Spinach.
South India – Amaranthus, Coriander, Gourds, Beans, Spinach, and Okra.
April
Things are starting to take on a faster pace once spring and April months have arrived. This is the month most of the remaining vegetables on your plant list can be sown. Each day you must take a look at the frames and lift them off to help the crop receive sunshine. Make sure that you do not allow the soil to dry out at any time.
April
North India – Capsicum
South India – Onion, Amaranthus, Coriander, Okra, Tomato, and Chilli.
May
In this May month, you must take special care to weed out your garden regularly. If you do not, this can quickly become a big mess and because May often brings with it a great amount of rain, these weeds quickly grow and harm your crops. You can plant corn, okra, and late potatoes during the month. It is a good time to plant first tomatoes as well.
May
North India – Onion, Pepper, and Brinjal
South India – Okra, Onion, and Chilli.
June
In the early month of June, you can sow beans, lima beans, wax beans, melons, cucumber, peas, spinach, and lettuce. You can start setting out eggplant, peppers, and more. Make sure that you plant seeds in dry soil and plant one vegetable each month. Save the end of June for celery and cabbage. You must prune tomatoes and cut the excess foliage from them. During the month you should also top-dress all of the crops with compost. If you plan to plant fruits inside of the garden as well, make pot layers for strawberries for July.
June
North India – All gourds, Brinjal, Cucumber, Cauliflower (Early), Okra, Onion, Tomato, and Pepper.
South India – All Gourds, Solanaceae, All vegetables
July
The month of July means you want to prepare for frequent cultivation. You must set out all of your late vegetables around this month, including leeks, celery, broccoli, and cauliflower. You should begin harvesting the already planted beans, beets, lettuce, radish, and cabbage that you’ve already set. Irrigate when it is needed.
July
North India – All gourds, Cucumber, Okra, and Tomato.
South India – All Gourds, Solanaceae, and Almost all vegetables
August
Your vegetables must be growing very well by August. This means you want to keep the garden clean of weeds. If you want them, sow spinach, peas, and turnips for a fall crop. You can put out late celery early in the month.
August
North India – Carrot, Cauliflower, Radish, and Tomato.
South India – Carrot, Cauliflower, Beans, and Beet.
September
You can harvest lettuce that you started in August month. You can sow onions, radishes, and lettuce. When the cooler weather begins to start, you must begin deeper cultivation to keep them healthy.
September
North India – Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Peas, Radish, Tomato, and Lettuce.
South India – Cauliflower, Cucumber, Onion, Peas, and Spinach.
October
October is the month that you are going to need to prepare for winter to come. You must gather all of your tomatoes, summer crops, and melons so they can survive the winter months. You must sow in frames those quick-maturing, cool weather crops before the winter sets in. Protect all of your crops. You should store cabbage and cauliflower during the end of the month, as well as carrots, beets, and you’re other root crops. This month you should clean the garden, storing all of your tools and other items.
October
North India – Beet, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Lettuce, Peas, Radish, Spinach, and Turnip.
South India – Brinjal, Cabbage, Capsicum, Cucumber, Beans, Spinach, Turnip, and Watermelon.
November
One of the tasks for November is to create deep hotbeds for winter lettuce and radish. You want to store celery for use in the spring, while also ensuring that all of the veggies stored in containers and sheds are free from freezing. Put all of the plants that remain unprotected on the ground into cold frames.
November
North India – Turnip, Tomato, Radish, Pepper, Peas, and Beet.
South India – Beet, Eggplant, Cabbage, Carrot, Beans, Lettuce, Okra, and Turnip.
December
In December, you must cover the celery that you stored last month. You should put mulch on kale and spinach. If you have planted strawberries, they must be mulched and grapevines should be pruned. You should also make sure you’re working compost and adding to it. Now January is almost upon us, and the cycle will begin again.
December
North India – Tomato
South India -Lettuce, Pumpkin, Watermelon, Muskmelon, Ash gourd, Ridge gourd, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Cucumber, Chilly, and Cabbage.
Vegetable sowing/planting Time chart, and harvesting stages
- Tomato
Season of seed sowing – June-Aug, Nov-Dec
Season of transplanting – Aug.-Sept, Dec.-Feb
Season of Harvest- October-December, and April-June
- Brinjal
Season of seed sowing – Jan-Feb, May-Jun, Oct-Nov
Season of transplanting- Feb-March, Jun- July, and Jan
Season of Harvest- April-June, Sept.-Nov, March-May
- Chilli
Season of seed sowing- Nov-Jan, May-June
Season of transplanting – Jan.-March, June-July
Season of Harvest – April-June, Sept-Nov
- Potato
Season of tuber planting – Sept-Nov, Dec-Feb
Season of Harvest – Jan-March, March-April
- Okra
Season of seed sowing – Feb-March, June-July
Season of Harvest – March-June, Aug-Nov
- Cauliflower
Season of seed sowing- June, July-Sept, Sept-Oct
Season of transplanting- July, Aug.-Oct, Oct-Nov
Season of Harvest- Nov-Jan, Jan-March
- Cabbage
Season of seed sowing- Sept-Oct
Season of transplanting- Oct-Nov
Season of Harvest- Dec-March
- Broccoli
Season of seed sowing – Mid-Sept–early-Nov
Season of transplanting – Nov-Des, Apr-may
Season of Harvest – Dec-Jan
- Reddish
Season of seed sowing- April-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov-Jan
Season of Harvest- May-Sept, Nov-Jan, Dec-March
- Carrot
Season of seed sowing- Aug-Oct
Season of Harvest- Dec-March
- Turnip
Season of seed sowing- Oct-Nov
Season of Harvest- Dec-March
- Beetroot
Season of seed sowing- Oct-Nov
Season of Harvest- Dec-Feb.
In case if you are interested in Good Fertilizers and Manures for Vegetables.
Conclusion
If you live in India, this article may help you to understand the vegetable planting calendar/chart and seasons.
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Thank you for such a valuable information. I get so much of info in one place. Am a newbie gardner and its a pain to look for info on each and every plant. Thank you.
i want to start Exotic farming on my farm in Mathura area how to proceed pl. guide.
What type of crops i have to select.